(Arthur) Neville Chamberlain (1869 - 1940), British statesman and politician. He became prime minister in 1937 and attempted to avoid war between Britain and Germany by negotiating the Munich Agreement in 1938, under which Germany, led by Hitler, was allowed to extend its territory into parts of Czechoslovakia. World War II brokeout less than a year later. He resigned as prime minister in May, 1940. —SHSBC Binder 33 Approved Glossary